GLP1R and chronic kidney disease: However, randomized clinical trials have usually excluded or enrolled small numbers of patients with advanced-stage CKD or ESKD.13,14 Meanwhile, DPP-4 inhibitors are commonly prescribed to patients with advanced-stage CKD or ESKD owing to their safety profiles and effectiveness for glucose control15 despite the neutral effect on the kidneys and cardiovascular outcomes.15 However, the association of GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment with improved survival has been discussed less frequently for patients with advanced CKD or ESKD.