ADCYAP1 and multiple sclerosis: Recently, it has been shown that in addition to the long-known protective effects in models of stroke and Parkinson’s disease (Ohtaki et al. 2008; Zheng et al. 2021), PACAP is protective in models of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (Martinez-Rojas et al. 2021), fetal alcohol syndrome (Shili et al. 2021), diabetic neuropathy (Kiss et al. 2021), optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis (Van et al. 2021), and noise-induced hearing loss (Ruel et al. 2021).