Consistently, TRAF5-deficient mice present with increased atherosclerosis, an effect likely caused by enhanced VCAM-1-dependent leukocyte migration and enhanced expression of MCP-1 and C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1), resulting in accelerated leukocyte recruitment into atherosclerotic lesions (103). The gene discussed is TRAF5; the disease is atherosclerosis.