For example, AQP3 overexpression in AQP3-PC12 cells and epidermoid carcinoma cells (A431), which express high levels of AQP3, accelerates cell cycles, and treatment with the AQP3 inhibitor leads to arrest in the S-G2/M phases and enhances the expression of cyclin D1 and E1 proteins (47, 48). This evidence concerns the gene AQP3 and squamous cell carcinoma.