Apart from the evidence suggesting the relevance of IL-33 in early SSc, we found that the IL-13/IL-33 axis acquires particular relevance as a marker of disease activity of ILD in SSc patients with the diffuse form, with possible implications for IL-13/IL33 as a future treatment target along with its downstream mediator ST2 (6, 12). Here, IL13 is linked to systemic sclerosis.