miRNAs released from exosomes inhibit PCSK1/3 expression by suppressing the production of GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) in enteroendocrine cells, which finally leads to increased insulin resistance (Valerio et al., 1999; Cases et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2018). Here, GLP1R is linked to Insulin resistance.