Results from three representative trials have documented the effect of PSA screening in increasing the incidence of prostate cancer, by 12% from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) screening trial (48), 91% from the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) (49), and 51% from the Göteborg Randomized Population-based Prostate Cancer Screening Trial (50). This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and Familial prostate cancer.