Several recent studies have unveiled the impact of carbohydrate utilization and metabolic processes in Spn virulence, persistence, and infection at nasopharynx, which involves a series of regulators (galK, galR, hyl, ugl, lacD, nanA, eng, rafK, estA, and auto-inducer AI-2) (Afzal et al., 2015; Mclean et al., 2020; Minhas et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene SPN and infection.