For example, in the case of symbiosis in pancreatic cancer, the following processes may occur chronologically: i) CAFs enhance the glycolytic pathway and may exhibit glycolytic oscillations; ii) lactate is produced from the CAFs and excreted into the extracellular space through MCT4; iii) cancer cells incorporate this lactate through MCT1 and metabolize it in mitochondria; iv) mitochondrial membrane potential may exhibit oscillations accompanied by oxidative phosphorylation. Here, SLC16A1 is linked to cancer.