Therefore, in PTSD patients, proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) accumulate in large amounts in the fear circuit region of the brain, such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus (Hipp), and amygdala (Amg) [9, 10]. Here, TNF is linked to post-traumatic stress disorder.