In LPS-induced Wistar rats of uveitis models, nicotine (1 and 2 mg/kg, i.p.)significantly reduced the protein, but not mRNA, levels of IL-6, CINC-1, and MCP-1, in serum and the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, CINC-1, TNFα, and MCP-1 in aqueous humor through α7 nAChR, suggesting the potential clinical translation of nicotine and other cholinergic agonists in uveitis (156). Here, TNF is linked to uveitis.