Furthermore, it was reported that the intracellular JAK2-STAT3-IL-6/MCP-1 signaling mechanism of the anti-inflammatory pathway of nicotine (10 μM) in TNF-α-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes isolated from patients is a major constituent of the hyperplastic synovium, with an important role in joint inflammation and bone destruction observed in rheumatoid arthritis (59). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.