CD4 and HIV infectious disease: In a resource-poor setting without access to CD4+ T-cell counting and HIV viral load measurements, oral candidiasis is one of the most important clinical markers of HIV infection, disease progression, CD4+ T-cell status (Fidel, 2006; Berberi et al., 2015), and can even give a hint to antiretroviral therapy failure (Hodgson and Rachanis, 2002; Ramirez-Amador et al., 2007).