Moreover, eNAMPT appears upregulated in autoimmune diseases, exemplarily, rheumatoid arthritis (Nowell et al., 2006; Otero et al., 2006), psoriasis (Koczan et al., 2005), or inflammatory bowel disease (Moschen et al., 2007), whereas serum levels of eNAMPT could be correlated with the commonly determined inflammation parameters C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 (Oki et al., 2007). Here, CRP is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.