CCN2 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: The profibrotic effects of YAP are exerted through its interaction with nuclear transcriptional factors and the activation of genes involved in ECM regulation, such as PAI-1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), TGF-β1, COL1A1 and COL1A2 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis epithelial cells; YAP also promotes fibroblast growth on stiffness matrix (Giménez et al., 2017; Lee et al., 2020).