For example, ITGB4 promotes cell invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma (Li et al., 2017) and breast cancer metastases (Abdel-Ghany et al., 2001), and ITGB4 expression has been identified as a prognostic marker in pancreatic ductal cancer, colon cancer, and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (Nagata et al., 2013; Masugi et al., 2015; Li et al., 2019, 2020). This evidence concerns the gene ITGB4 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.