In response to acute kidney injury induced by sepsis, melatonin could reduce the oxidative stress response and ROS accumulation of ROS in vitro and attenuate the inflammatory response by downregulating the mRNA expressions of IL-1α, IL-1β, Mcp-1 and TGF-β1, thereby proving the therapeutic effect of melatonin on acute kidney injury (Chen et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and acute kidney injury.