Under the stimulation of Aβ plaques and tau aggregates, microglia and astrocytes mediate chronic neuroinflammatory response, neuronal death and pyroptosis through intracellular NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby driving the occurrence and progression of AD (Han et al., 2020b; Van Zeller et al., 2021). Here, NLRP3 is linked to Alzheimer disease.