Mitochondrial dysfunction in NAFLD was also related to decreased hepatic heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), increased NOV/CCN3, a proinflammatory adipokine, decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), a major regulator of mitochondrial function, oxygen consumption and oxidative phosphorylation (Sacerdoti et al., 2018). Here, PPARGC1A is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.