SQSTM1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: This study used the key autophagy receptor protein p62 and autophagosome membrane protein LC3 to determine the autophagy level of HCC cells; low expression of p62 and high expression of LC3 are indicative of a smooth autophagy flux, and accumulation of p62 and LC3 in the cell indicates the blockage of autophagosome clearance (Jiang and Mizushima, 2015).