NTN1 and injury: For example, netrin-1 protected against acute lung injury sepsis in rats through decreasing the expression of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α (Liu et al., 2019), and in a porcine model of acute lung injury, through ameliorating TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 (Mutz et al., 2010).