In several models of insulin resistance, it has been shown that reduced glucose uptake is due to defects in insulin signaling (Ng et al., 2010; Huang et al., 2018) and is associated with impaired Akt phosphorylation, leading to the development of insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes (Choi and Kim, 2010). Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.