SHANK3 and autism: This natural history study aimed to complement pre-clinical work streams using SHANK3 and NRNX1 animal models, and human cellular assays focused on synaptopathies that were conducted under the auspices of EU-AIMS to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning autism-related phenotypes and features (Etherton et al., 2009; Kathuria et al., 2018; Avazzadeh et al., 2021).