We utilised a mouse model of familial ALS, the prpTDP-43A315T (TDP-43) mouse [28–30], and probed structural plasticity mediated by sex and disease using repeated 2-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM) to follow the same individual dendritic spine over a 24-h period. This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.