In addition, when a similar (but not identical) probiotic preparation comprising Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium longum was administred for 12 weeks to severe AD patients (n = 48) against placebo in a randomized, double-blind trial, there was no amelioration of the cognitive score (Test Your Memory, TYM scale) or change in serum level of pro- (TNFα, IL-6) or anti- (IL-10) inflammatory cytokines [156]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Alzheimer disease.