As shown in Fig. 5e, phosphorylation of IRF3 and STAT1 was enhanced when RUNX1 was knocked down, while phosphorylation of IRF3 and STAT1 were markedly decreased in the cells with RUNX1 overexpression compared with the control cells at 3, 6, and 9 h post PR8 infection (Fig. 5f). This evidence concerns the gene IRF3 and infection.