In agreement with our in vitro experiments, we found that overexpression of DAB2IP alone did not influence tumorigenicity of ESCC cells, (i.e., both the injected Kyse150-DAB2IP and control Kyse150-vector cells showed a similar efficiency and growth rate of the ESCC xenografts in nude mice) (Fig. 4A). This evidence concerns the gene DAB2IP and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.