ALB and diabetes mellitus: In summary, we have found that the incidence of AKI in PNS patients is 28.05%, and for PNS patients with diabetes, pulmonary infection, albumin ≤ 24 g/L, serum creatinine ≥ 90 μmol/L, blood urea nitrogen ≥ 6.5 mmol/L, uric acid ≥ 390 μmol/L, renal tubular casts, they may have higher risk of AKI.