It is of clinical relevance to identify those patients who are in a macroscopically early stage and to identify histological markers apart from known markers such as integrin alphaV (ITGAV), a transmembrane glycoprotein responsible for cell-to-matrix binding17 and Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an interferon-inducible immune checkpoint18, to distinguish a subgroup with a poor prognosis and imminent tumor progression beyond the primary site. The gene discussed is IDO1; the disease is neoplasm.