Chemokines could also act as a bridge between the microenvironment outside the tumor and the tumor itself, and their cognate receptors are expressed by both tumor and stromal cells.61 In recent years, it has been reported that chemokine ligands and receptors (such as CXCL5, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL8, CCL3L3, CCL4L2, CCL18) have been significantly dysregulated, which implies a potential intercellular communication in the immune microenvironment of CRC. This evidence concerns the gene CCL3 and neoplasm.