EGFR and cancer: PRL3-induced enhancement of EMT dependent on EGFR activation and PRL3 promoted cell invasion and upregulated MMPS by activating AKT in vitro and in vivo.141–144 The levels of PRL-3 mRNA expression can be used as biomarkers for increased risk of liver metastasis.145 The PRL-3 expression did not represent a direct causative mechanism of liver metastasis, but modulated multiple signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK in various cancer cells.