CRC cells can also induce CAF via exosomal tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β).99,100 Moreover, exosomes miR-142-3p secreted by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells inhibited Numb expression in CRC cells, thereby increasing the population of CSCs.101. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and colorectal carcinoma.