Under hypoxic conditions, loss of the tumor suppressor p53 (encoded by TP53) provides cancer cells with a selective advantage, hypoxia which causes resistance to therapy and promotes metastasis in CRC.205,206 Recently, Li et al. reported the hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha subunit (HIF1A) directly repressed the miRNA-34a in p53-defective CRC cells under hypoxia.207 Conversely, p53 increases expression of miRNA-34a in CRC cells without hypoxia. This evidence concerns the gene HIF1A and colorectal carcinoma.