EXOSC8 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: For example, the Akkermansia muciniphila protein P9 binds intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (ICAM2) to increase thermogenesis and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes (T2D) [20]; the protein Fap2 from Fusobacterium nucleatum binds T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), inhibiting natural killer cytotoxicity; and ubiquitin mimics encoded by both pathogens [21] and gut commensals [22] play a role in modulating membrane trafficking.