Within these pathways, we see specific examples of known molecular mechanisms for these diseases now implicated with microbiome-host PPIs: Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2 (ARPc2) (associated in both IBD and CRC cohorts) regulates the remodeling of epithelial adherens junctions, a common pathway disrupted in IBD [48]. The gene discussed is ACTR2; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.