All weanling Irf3-/-xIrf7-/- DKO mice either died or developed neurological disease at 3 dpi for INKV, and at 5–6 dpi for JCV, indicating that signaling through IRF3 and/or IRF7 was critical for the protection of mice from neuroinvasive disease from JCV and INKV (Fig 7A and 7B). The gene discussed is IRF7; the disease is nervous system disorder.