APOL1 and diabetes mellitus: High-risk genotypes at the apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) locus confer a 5-fold to 10-fold increased risk for CKD and end-stage kidney disease attributed to hypertension, although this risk increment is attenuated among individuals with diabetes.4,5,6 High-risk variants of APOL1 (OMIM 603743) on chromosome 22 are found in 1 of 7 people of African ancestry but are nearly absent in people of European ancestry7 because they confer resistance to trypanosomal infection and are subject to positive selection in West Africa.8,9