Caveolins, the structural proteins of caveolae and hexokinase II that promotes cell survival by facilitating glycolysis, mediate the effect of cardiac and brain protection of helium.[156, 159, 160, 161] In a rat cardiac IRI model (i.e., 25 min of ischemia followed by reperfusion of 5, 15, or 30 min), 15 min of post conditioning with 70% (vol) helium (balanced with O2) ventilation significantly heightened amounts of Cav‐1 and Cav‐3 in cardiomyocyte membrane of tissues within the area‐at‐risk, and serum Cav‐3 (i.e., ↑circulation effectors of caveolae). The gene discussed is CAV3; the disease is ischemia.