KRAS and malignant colon neoplasm: The KRAS mutation has been shown to promote hyperproliferation in colon cancer and pancreatic cancer (Bryant et al., 2014; Haigis et al., 2008); there are also reports of various mechanisms through which RAS activation can lead to replication stress and cellular senescence (Di Micco et al., 2006; Kotsantis et al., 2016; Maya-Mendoza et al., 2015).