For example, exosomal miRNAs are emerging as key regulators of the development of diabetes mellitus (DM) and can regulate the expression levels of related genes, mainly involved in pancreatic β-cell damage and insulin resistance, implying that it may be possible to treat DM by silencing or activating exosomal miRNAs in patients with DM in an exogenous manner (78). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.