Purpose: We systematically analyzed HNSCC-infiltrating T lymphocytes lncRNAs (HILTlncRNAs) to assess their predictive value for the survival outcome and immunotherapy response of patients with anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) therapy and to evaluate their predictive power to chemotherapeutic agents. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.