In contrast, treatment of the same xenografts with the NF-κB pathway inhibitor BMS-345541 (75 mg per kilogram body weight every other day for 3 weeks) did not induce any significant change in human BM chimerism, which confirms that CMP-pattern MDS at BP do not rely on NF-κB pathway activation to maintain survival. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.