RNA-seq analysis revealed that, compared with those isolated from untreated patients, LT-HSCs isolated from CMP-pattern MDS patients with BP following HMA therapy failure had significantly upregulated genes involved in promoting cell proliferation and survival, including the anti-apoptotic regulator B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), encoded by BCL2 (Fig. 2f and Supplementary Table 5). The gene discussed is BCL2; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.