To address this limitation, we also included in the GRS five additional variants (in/near MHC, DPP9, IFNAR2, RPL24 and FOXP4) that (1) had an association with risk of infection at P < 5 × 10−8 in published GWAS or by the HGI; and (2) were associated with worse disease outcomes among infected individuals in our data (Supplementary Tables 15 and 16), albeit at the suggestive level with current sample sizes. This evidence concerns the gene DPP9 and infection.