The methylation of CpG sites for cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), T-lymphocyte maturation associated protein (MAL) and the micro RNA 124-2 (miR124-2) are promising biomarkers in HPV-related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)21 but have had limited evaluations in HPV-related anal disease, with only a single study investigating miR124-222. The gene discussed is MAL; the disease is cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.