Despite administration of recombinant TNF-α being sufficient to induce GAL-9 surface expression on human B-ALL cell lines, neutralization of TNF-α from ACM resulted in only a modest decrease in GAL-9 surface expression on B-ALL cells which supports the likelihood that multiple adipocyte-secreted factors contribute to the upregulation of GAL-9 surface expression on B-ALL cells (Supplementary Fig. 8d–f). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.