Accordingly, simultaneous ablation of T-dependent antibodies and CD4 T cell-derived IL-10 in either early life or adulthood, results in rapid onset of colonic inflammation.27 These findings, coupled with the fact that Akkermansia muciniphila induces both IgG1 and IL-10, support the theory that specific mucus-associated bacteria trigger T-dependent antibodies and CD4 T cell-derived IL-10, and that synergy between both pathways may be critical for preventing pro-inflammatory responses to these microbes. Here, CD4 is linked to inflammation.