In addition to functioning in epithelial–mesenchymal interactions, Npnt has been shown to promote migration in various tissues, including vascular endothelial cells during osteogenesis (Kuek et al., 2016), infiltration of immune cells into the liver (Hong et al., 2020; Inagaki et al., 2013), and cancer metastasis (Magnussen et al., 2020; Mei et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2018). Here, NPNT is linked to cancer.