INS and Insulin resistance: Moreover, several studies reported that 17β‐estradiol (E2)‐replete female rodents were protected against HFD‐induced insulin resistance (Bryzgalova et al., 2008; Pratchayasakul et al., 2014; Riant et al., 2009), although insulin‐mediated glucose disposal was consistently reduced by 40–50% in male mice after HFD feeding (Choi et al., 2007; Hevener et al., 2007).