CX3CL1 and ischemic stroke: Regarding ischemic stroke, some studies have reported increased plasma concentrations of sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 in total ischemic stroke compared to healthy controls [28, 29], and a trend toward high plasma FKN levels was found in patients presenting moderate ischemic stroke (NIHSS < 3) [30], as was the case in the present study.