INS and Glucose intolerance: In contrast, mice with genetic hyperactivation of autophagy through transgenic expression of constitutively active Becn1 (Becn1F121A) (Rocchi et al., 2017) displayed improved insulin sensitivity due to attenuated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in peripheral tissues but aggravated glucose intolerance due to compromised β-cell function when fed HFD (Yamamoto et al., 2018).