Especially, TNF-α and the interleukins IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were elevated in severe leptospirosis cases, whereas TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon-γ, and soluble TNF receptor 1 were elevated in high fatality cases (Senavirathna et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and leptospirosis.