Further, ESCC patients with a history of tobacco smoking showed an ~4.45-fold upregulation (n = 21; p-value = 0.0005), and non-smokers showed an ~3.55-fold upregulation (n = 29; p-value = 0.0015) of LINC00324 compared to healthy individuals (Figure 2C). This evidence concerns the gene LINC00324 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.