INS and atherosclerosis: In the recent years, it was also found to regulate fat metabolism and related diseases through several pathways such as “Insulin resistance” (Xuguang et al., 2019), “Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease” (Fang et al., 2019), “AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications” (Abo et al., 2020), “Lipid and atherosclerosis” (Ridker et al., 2018) and “PI3K-Akt signaling pathway” (Fajgenbaum et al., 2019).