Interestingly, irrespective of the overexpression of NLRP3 and inflammatory caspases-4/5 detected in the lepromatous pole, low expression of caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 were observed in leprosy and therefore these results indicate that NLRP3 inflammasome does not actively contribute to the innate immune response in leprosy, suggesting immune evasion of M. leprae (136). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is leprosy.