TNF and cardiovascular disorder: Heavier loneliness predict exaggerated responses to acute stress, leading to elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1B), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa), proinflammatory cytokines and glycoprotein etc. These biomarkers are associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease (5–9).